Zano ranks #77 of 504 cryptocurrencies. On a list that also counts tokens, memecoins, wrapped coins, staked derivatives and stablecoins it appears at #405: 328 of the 404 assets ahead of it are not native coins but tokens or claims. A token is issued on a host blockchain rather than running its own; a claim stands for an asset already counted. Of the 412 non-native assets CoinSpectrum lists above it by market cap, about 54% are tokens, 38% are claims on other assets and 8% are memecoins.
| CoinSpectrum Grade | C · 52/100 · provisional |
|---|---|
| Rank among cryptocurrencies | #77 |
| Rank counting claims | #405 |
| Market capitalisation | $60M |
| Price | $3.85 |
| Circulating supply | 15,475,839 ZANO |
| Maximum supply | no fixed cap |
| Consensus family | Hybrid |
| Consensus mechanism | ProgPoWZ PoW + PoS |
| Own hashrate | 231 GH/s |
| Network purpose | Private payments |
| Ledger type | Multi-asset ledger |
Market figures from the 28 October 2026 build. Open the live view for every exchange's price, and charts.
C — 52 out of 100, provisional (from 18 of 20 criteria, 28 October 2026 build). With what is not yet measured anywhere from nothing to full marks, the score would be 46 to 59 (D to C).
| Criterion | Score | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Leading Consensus Mechanisms (Source) | 4.5 | group average |
| Consensus: leader ladder | 4.5 | Hybrid: 4.5 of 10 on the ladder of consensus families ranked by their largest chain's market cap |
| Consensus: family ladder | 4.5 | Hybrid: 4.5 of 10 on the ladder of families ranked by the combined market cap of their chains |
| Cryptocurrency Standards (Source) | 4.4 | group average, 11 of 13 measured |
| Sound Money Qualities (6 checks) | 3 | 1.5 of 5 points, 1 not yet measured source |
| Scarcity: a fixed cap that holds, and a supply near 21 million | 4.9 | no fixed maximum; 15.5 million in circulation: supply scale 9.7, cap 0 |
| Durability: five years or more with no halt, freeze or reversal | ✗ | 6 full years since its first recorded price, one halt, freeze or reversal in five years |
| Fungibility: every unit interchangeable, none the protocol can freeze or set apart | ✗ | an authority can freeze funds: In Sep 2026 the core team shipped software restarting the chain from block 3,833,000, reversing about a month of transactions after an issuance bug. |
| Divisibility: the smallest unit worth a cent or less | ✓ | 12 decimal places, the smallest unit worth $3.8e-12 |
| Portability: fees of a cent or less and capacity for real demand | ✗ | typical fee $0.038 |
| Verifiability: open-source nodes and checking without a trusted server | – | node software open source |
| Privacy (5 checks) | 8 | 4 of 5 passed source |
| Whitepaper privacy: keys are not tied to an identity | ✓ | Anyone can create keys and receive and send coins; the protocol carries no identity check. |
| UTXO ledger: a new key for each payment, no account linking every coin | ✓ | |
| Network-level privacy: the node hides where a transaction came from (Dandelion++, Tor or I2P, on by default) | ✗ | Zano's privacy layers are on-chain; no Dandelion or built-in Tor relay for the node. |
| Hidden amounts (confidential transactions, RingCT, shielded pools, Mimblewimble) | ✓ | Amount commitments with Bulletproofs+ and Zarcanum (HF4, 2024) hide all amounts, mandatory. |
| Hidden sender and receiver (ring signatures or zero-knowledge proofs, one-time or stealth addresses) | ✓ | d/v-CLSAG ring signatures hide the sender and one-time stealth addresses hide the receiver, mandatory. |
| Scalability (fees, throughput, block time, block space, features) | 4.1 | average of 3 parts source |
| Fees ($0.001 or less 10, $1 or more 0) | 4.7 | typical fee $0.038 |
| Throughput (2,478 a second, the busiest network's peak day, 10; 119, the median of the ten busiest, 5) | – | not yet measured |
| Block time (10 minutes 10, less either side) | 7.5 | a block every 2 minutes |
| Block space per 10 minutes (32 MB or more 10) | – | not yet measured |
| Features (3 checks) | 0 | 0 of 2 passed, 1 not yet researched |
| Payments safe to accept within seconds | ✗ | About one-minute alternating PoW/PoS blocks with probabilistic confirmation (10 recommended). |
| Pruned nodes: a full node can validate and drop old history | – | No documented pruning mode found. |
| Light clients verify payments from headers or proofs, without a trusted server | ✗ | No SPV-style light client; light wallets use a remote node. |
| Security (miner pay and 7 checks) | 5.4 | 4.2 of 7 points, 2 not yet measured source |
| Miners paid a day ($1,000 0, $10 million or more 10), 2 points | 1.1 | about $2,772 a day |
| Its own hashrate: at least half its algorithm's largest, not merge-mined | ✓ | |
| Largest pool or validator under 50% | – | |
| Largest three under 75% | – | |
| More than one maintained client | ✗ | 1 |
| Node software is open source | ✓ | The Zano core team (hyle-team, led by Andrey Sabelnikov) maintains the only node (MIT) and the roadmap. |
| Real on-chain use: 1,000+ transactions a day | ✓ | about 1,191 a day |
| No 51% attack or deep reorganisation in five years | ✓ | |
| Programmability (tokens, contracts, 5 checks) | 5.6 | 5 of 9 points source |
| Token issuance at protocol level, validated by its own nodes | 2 | Confidential Assets in the protocol since the Zarcanum hard fork (HF4) of March 2024, deployable by any wallet for a fee. |
| Smart contracts | 0 | Fixed output types (key, multisig, HTLC) and confidential assets, with no user scripting. |
| Multisig and time locks | ✓ | Native multisig outputs plus lock-times on HTLC outputs. |
| Atomic swaps with other chains | ✓ | Native HTLC output type activated by hard fork 3 (block 1,082,577, 2021) for swaps with Bitcoin. |
| An exchange built into the protocol | ✗ | Ionic swaps are peer-to-peer atomic trades inside one transaction, with no order book or AMM in the protocol. |
| Cross-chain messaging the chain verifies itself | ✗ | No protocol messaging to other chains. |
| Non-fungible tokens | ✓ | Confidential Assets (Zarcanum, March 2024) carry a configurable total_max_supply, used for NFTs such as Obscura's. |
| Decentralisation | 3.7 | section average, 6 of 8 measured |
| Censorship resistant (Source) | 0 | An authority can halt the chain or freeze funds: In Sep 2026 the core team shipped software restarting the chain from block 3,833,000, reversing about a month of transactions after an issuance bug. source |
| No central team (Source) | 0 | A central team directs it: The Zano core team (hyle-team, led by Andrey Sabelnikov) maintains the only node (MIT) and the roadmap. source |
| Who can mint (Source) | 7.1 | Hybrid: 7.1 of 10 on the ladder of who produces blocks |
| Nodes (Source) | — | Not yet counted |
| Holder concentration (Source) | — | Not yet measured |
| Premine (allocated at launch) | 2.6 | 74.2% of today's supply allocated at launch to founders, a company, a foundation or investors. At the 2019 launch 17.52M ZANO were reserved before mining: a 3.69M development premine (foundation 2.03M, team 1.11M, loan repayment 0.55M) and a 13.83M pool for a 1:1 coinswap from Boolberry, of which ~7.78M were claimed and the rest burned; 3.69M + 7.78M = 11.47M against ~15.47M current supply (CoinGecko). source |
| Fundraising | 2.6 | Sold by its issuer or insiders: 74.2% of supply was theirs to sell, 3.6% sold so far. There was no sale. The only coins delivered for money were the 553,500 ZANO from the premine used to repay Boolberry shareholders' 2018 development loan, effectively a pre-sale. 0.5535M / ~15.47M supply (CoinGecko) = 3.6%. No ICO/IEO/VC round. Boolberry shareholders lent development funds in early 2018; the loan was repaid with 553,500 ZANO from the premine. source |
| Developer share (after launch) | 10 | No developer share: every new coin goes to the miners or validators who produce blocks. The 1 ZANO block reward goes to the PoW miner or PoS staker who produces the block, and fees are burned. There is no dev fee; the 3.69M development share was a launch premine. source |
| Supply & Demand | 7.8 | group average |
| Supply & Demand (Source) | 5.9 | average of 6 measures |
| Exchanges (10 or more: 10) | 6 | 6 exchanges |
| Daily volume ($10K 0, $1B or more 10) | 4.1 | $988,291 traded in 24 hours; #622 by volume on the exchanges the site reads (scored on the median day of the last 30, $1,100,254) |
| Turnover (volume ÷ market cap, 5% a day: 10) | 7.3 | 1.5% of its market cap a day, median of the last 30 days |
| Order-book depth (bids and asks within 2% ÷ market cap, 1%: 10) | 3.5 | $6,675 within 2% of the price on 1 exchange, 0.01% of its market cap, median of the last 2 days |
| Market cap ($1M 0, $10B or more 10) | 4.4 | $60M, 4.4 on a scale of 2.5 points per tenfold |
| Paper trading (futures, options and margin ÷ market cap, 0%: 10, 100%: 0) | 10 | no futures, options or margin on the exchanges read |
| Supply (smaller is better) | 9.7 | no fixed maximum; 15.5 million in circulation |
| Record | 6.7 | group average |
| Record (origin, claims, halts) | 9 | 2 positive, 1 negative source |
| Positive record | ||
| Launched with a stated purpose, not as a joke | ✓ | |
| No claims by its founders that contradict its own design | ✓ | |
| Negative record | ||
| Halt, freeze or reversal, 2026-09-27 | ✗ | After a Gateway Address bug introduced in Hard Fork 6 let unauthorised ZANO and fUSD be issued, the core team released software restarting the chain from block 3,833,000 (26 Aug 2026), reversing about a month of transactions; exchanges paused deposits at the team's request. |
| Age (years since genesis) (Source) | 6 | 6 full years since 2020-01-17, the first day with a recorded price (genesis not yet researched, so the age can only be understated). |
| Development (work, improvements, unfixed issues) | 5 | 2 positive, 2 negative, 3 not yet researched source |
| Positive | ||
| Steady work, 6 of 6 | ✓ | 733 commits in 12 of the last 12 months (github.com/hyle-team/zano); hyle-team/zano 2.2.3.603, 2026-10-05; 31 stable releases in 24 months. |
| Shipped a security fix in two years, +1 | ✓ | Zano v2.1.15.457, Feb 2026: security fixes in alt-block validation; v2.2.3.600, Sep 2026: emergency HF7 and rollback after an attack on coin and asset supply. |
| Negative | ||
| Unfixed vulnerability, disclosed 2025-02-15, −1 | ✗ | Monero/epee CVE-2025-26819 (High) lets RPC clients exhaust node memory because HTTP server connections have no response size limit; Zano 2.2.3.608 still ships the older epee abstract_tcp_server2 with only a send-queue count limit and none of the ec74ff4 response limits added in Monero v0.18.4.0. |
| Exploit of the chain, 2026-08-29, −1 | ✗ | An attacker used a flaw in Gateway Addresses (added in Hard Fork 6) to mint about 36.9M unauthorised ZANO on 29 Aug and 25 Sep 2026, plus fUSD; the team restarted the chain from block 3,833,000, reversing about a month of transactions, and disabled gateway addresses. |
| Not yet researched | ||
| Shipped a privacy improvement in two years | – | |
| Shipped a scaling upgrade in two years | – | |
| Shipped a new capability for users in two years | – | |
Twenty criteria, weighted equally. The Cryptocurrency Standards have six sections: sound money qualities (six checks: scarcity, durability, fungibility, divisibility, portability, verifiability), privacy (five checks), scalability (four measures and three features), security (miner pay and seven checks), programmability (token issuance, smart contracts and five checks) and decentralisation (censorship resistance, no central team, who can mint, nodes, holders, premine, fundraising and developer share). Provisional: criteria marked — are not yet measured and are left out of the average. A rating of structure and market depth, not a price forecast or investment advice. How the grade is built · Highest-graded cryptocurrencies.
15,475,839 ZANO are in circulation, against no fixed cap — issuance has no defined end.
| Premine (allocated at launch) | 74.2% of today's supply |
|---|---|
| Sold by the issuer or insiders | 3.6% of today's supply |
| Developer share received since launch | 0% of today's supply |
| Developer share of new coins today | 0% |
| Fundraising | Private or venture funding |
At the 2019 launch 17.52M ZANO were reserved before mining: a 3.69M development premine (foundation 2.03M, team 1.11M, loan repayment 0.55M) and a 13.83M pool for a 1:1 coinswap from Boolberry, of which ~7.78M were claimed and the rest burned; 3.69M + 7.78M = 11.47M against ~15.47M current supply (CoinGecko).
No ICO/IEO/VC round. Boolberry shareholders lent development funds in early 2018; the loan was repaid with 553,500 ZANO from the premine.
There was no sale. The only coins delivered for money were the 553,500 ZANO from the premine used to repay Boolberry shareholders' 2018 development loan, effectively a pre-sale. 0.5535M / ~15.47M supply (CoinGecko) = 3.6%.
The 1 ZANO block reward goes to the PoW miner or PoS staker who produces the block, and fees are burned. There is no dev fee; the 3.69M development share was a launch premine.
Sources: docs.zano.org · coingecko.com · github.com · altfins.com · medium.com · medium.com. Researched 2026-10-24, low confidence.
Zano is secured by 231 GH/s of its own work. Hashrate does not compare across algorithms — a SHA-256 hash and a Scrypt hash cost different amounts to produce.
No SEC/CFTC determination — unclassified.
The regulator's position, reported as stated, not CoinSpectrum's. Assets nobody has ruled on are left unclassified rather than sorted by a guess.
Zano is #77 among cryptocurrencies and #405 in the market ranking, which lists wrapped coins, staked derivatives, stablecoins and tokens alongside them. CoinSpectrum counts an asset once, and counts only cryptocurrencies: assets with their own blockchain and their own consensus. A wrapped coin, a staked derivative or a stablecoin is a claim on something already counted; a token, memecoin or otherwise, runs on another chain's blocks. All of them are listed, each in its own section, and none is added to the total. The 328 places between Zano's two ranks are held by claims and tokens, not by other networks. The methodology sets out the rule and the counting rule argues for it.
The price above is the median of the exchanges the site reads live, checked every minute and cross-checked against a market snapshot (how market data is gathered). The grade is scored on published criteria, each with its source (the method). The site is independent, nothing on it is a paid placement, and its statements are signed (about CoinSpectrum, the manifesto).
See the 1 wrapped and staked claim on Zano →